拉丝模的合理使用与维护对其寿命的影响拉丝模使用过程中,合理使用与维护拉丝模,提高模具的修复水平, 是延长模子使用寿命的重要途径。
1.模子的清洗
模子在使用前都必须经过清洗, 因为模孔中的杂物,在拉伸过程中不仅擦伤丝材表面,而且会使模子产生沟槽, 甚至导致模具报废。因此模子在使用前必须采用超声波清洗,压缩空气吹干。
2. 化丝液的清洗
丝材在拉伸前化细丝头所使用的硝酸钾或亚硝酸钠化丝液对模具有很强的腐蚀作用, 会破坏模子的表面光洁度。因此, 在穿丝前必须清洗干净丝头上的化丝液。
3. 模具的合理安装与设备维护
在安装拉丝模时, 必须保证模孔的中心线与丝材的拉伸轴线重合。否则, 丝材对模壁会产生附加侧压力, 使模子的磨损变成非对称的不均匀磨损。另外, 拉伸设备安装、维护不当, 使拉丝模处在有冲击力、振动或频繁启动的工作条件下,会使拉丝模受力不均匀或波动,促进拉丝模过早磨损。
4.模具的表面抛光与修复
为保证丝材的质量, 拉丝模在使用前都必须经过检验、抛光处理。随着模子的使用,模子孔型尺寸发生变化, 需要对工作区和定径区进行修复。模子修复水平的高低, 影响模具的重复使用率和寿命。在实践中,研磨工作区的角度针,其角度全靠肉眼来控制。由于人工操作,在研磨过程中,易把平直的定径区修成锥形, 使定径区实际长度缩短。模孔检测只能靠目测或放大镜、显微镜等简单工具进行,误差较大。而国外拉丝模具的研磨普遍采用高速机械研磨机以及金属磨针表面镀金刚石工艺, 设备运行平稳, 磨针的规格及使用规范化, 模子的孔型稳定, 尺寸精度高。因此, 提高模子的修复、检验水平, 保持模子孔型尺寸的稳定,可提高模子的使用寿命。
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